Books like Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins
Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins
This is another one of those books which I've read and enjoyed.The basic idea is that the dominance and spread of Indo-European languages is a puzzle, where did the first speakers come from and how did they get to be ubiquitous from Scandinavia to North India. Renfrew has a neat answer to this by suggesting that the earliest Indo-European languages where the languages of the first farmers. As agriculture can support a far larger population than hunter-gathering (or herding) this would provide an easy model for the natural numerical dominance and spread of those languages out from Anatolia/northern fertile crescent west into Europe and east into India. As natural population expansion would oblige each generation to set up a new village down the road, and so slowly, spreading out from the fertile crescent, as a corollary Basque we can understand to be a surviving language of a pre-Indo-European language speaking people who managed to adapt to agriculture before being completely out numbered by the newcomers. This in contrast to the alternative view has been that Indo-European languages were carried into their current locations by waves of horse riding invaders.The waves of horse riding and chariot (view spoiler)[ I tend to imagine chariots in ancient Europe as being rather like a billionaires' super yacht today, impressive not not necessarily practical, my mind easily fills with axles groaning up gradients,splintering spokes,piles of broken horses and woodwork, followed by a support crew of carpenters (hide spoiler)]